A Simple Guide of Brushed Motor

Brushed Motor is one of the most traditional type of motor. The brushes control the rotation of the motor by changing the direction of the current through frictional contact with the commutator. Common types of brushed motors include direct current brushed motors and alternating current brushed motors.

Brushed motor consists of four main parts: stator, rotor, brush and commutator. The stator has magnetic poles (winding type or permanent magnet type), the rotor has windings. After energizing, the rotor forms a magnetic field (magnetic poles), there is a pinch angle between the magnetic poles of the stator and rotor, and the motor rotates under the mutual attraction of the stator-rotor magnetic field (between the N-pole and the S-pole). By changing the position of the brushes, the direction of the angle between the stator and rotor poles can be changed, thus changing the direction of rotation of the motor.

DC brushed motors have fast starting response, high starting torque and smooth speed change. There is little vibration from zero to maximum speed, and can drive larger loads when starting.

With simple structure, brushed motors do not require complex electronic drive controllers. They are easy to produce, thus lowering the cost and therefore more affordable and suitable for volume-produce.

For some more cost-sensitive application scenarios (e.g. toys), brushed motor is a very suitable choice.

Flipsky Brushed ESC Dual Way Speed Controller

While, even though there are various virtue, there are still some disadvantages.

First, the friction between the brushes and commutator leads to wear and tear of the brushes and commutator, and with increased usage time, the brushes will gradually deteriorate, leading to performance degradation and even failure. This means that brushed motors require regular maintenance and replacement of brushes.

At the same time, the efficiency is low due to high friction losses, and the heat generated by brush friction can cause the motor temperature to rise, shortening its performance and life.

Compared to brushless motors, brushed motors have a shorter lifespan, especially under high loads or long working hours.

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